In vegetation there are tens of mechanisms strugged from every different to naturally control organisms attacking cultures. According to those treasured allies, it is very important to cut back our dependence on insecticides. This additionally permits the development of extra candy agroecological techniques.
Each and every gardener is aware of Indian carnation, an best friend taken by means of bugs and sicknesses from the plant patch. However do you know that there are lots of different vegetation, known as “service plants”, treasured to agriculture admire well being and the surroundings?
The result of the analysis expose that the big variety of vegetation, whilst you combine them into the cultivation techniques, able to regulating the sector of biographers (bugs, micro organism, viruses, fungi, micro organism, viruses, avents) and subsequently cut back pesticide wishes.
Relying at the vegetation, they mobilize a undeniable mechanism or mix a number of. Some will behave in opposition to air biographers, corresponding to fragrant vegetation or corn. Others are efficient in opposition to telururical natural our bodies, corresponding to crotaillars, hybrid sorghum or crucifies.
Create appropriate stipulations
At the start, we have a look at the mechanisms that put in force positive vegetation to oppose air biographics.
The haven, incessantly established at the fringe of the plot, supply housing with a good auxiliary, offering them with a cottage and canopy. Due to this fact, it’s the remaining already provide when the pests arrive to assault cultures, interfere sooner (lecture, parasitism). That is particularly the case with Mexican sunflower (diversifolia with titles) close to the sector of sugar cane in Tanzania to draw and expect predictive trays of Yellow Siphe Flave Aphor, Primary Pest on this nation.
Using coolers for the colour, evo eucalyptus and Erithrin in Espresso Plantations on Costa Rica, credit score. Jacques Avelino, Cirad, UMR Phim, who were given the creator
The hue vegetation, built-in right into a plot, alter their microclima. By way of converting brightness and humidity, climatic stipulations detrimental to positive organizations and extra favorable in opposition to others.
That is particularly the case for eucalyptus or eritrine in espresso plantations, in comparison to Kahavae Colletrichum fungus inflicting anthrax of berries in Cameroon. Those vegetation have the similar impact on Cochet Placococcococococus Coche and Cercle Coffeicola.
Create herbal boundaries
Some vegetation play a barrier in opposition to the attacker. Positioned at the edge, they shape a plant curtain that forestalls pests from reaching tradition. That is the case of the CrotaLaria Junces barrier that interferes with the passage of Aleurod, who fly to the peak of the person in opposition to the vegetation of Chili.
Different vegetation additionally use house to struggle the growth of the enemy. Associated with delicate tradition, they’re going to disguise the remaining of pests by means of growing a visible impact of “dilution”. Those associations, by means of producing spatial discontinuity, too can decelerate spreading close to fungal sicknesses.
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They are able to additionally control weeds at pageant for assets (mild, water, vitamins) or bodily barrier. Within the bananese sleeves, species like neonotonic Wightyi or Arachis Pintoi have came upon excellent abilities, with a reasonable impact on banana bushes enlargement.
Symbol. Impressed by means of Ratnadass et al., 2011. issuing repulsive or horny fragrances
The smell emit vegetation can be utilized independently or mix to extend their potency within the “Push-power” gadget:
The plant “pushes”, built-in into the center of tradition, diffuses “repulsive perfume” for pests. Fragrant vegetation, like a basil or huge western Indian thyme padectronic, constitute a fascinating pool “pushing” vegetation.
Use of corn limitations for redirecting noctuals from tomatoes, Martinique. Cyrilla UPR HORTSIS, submitted by means of creator
On the similar time, the “sweater” of the plant was once offered, both at the plot to draw the auxiliary auxiliary qualities, or by means of the brink to draw the execution subsequently, redirecting him from tradition. Thus, positive kinds of delicate corn is drawn to a thomen’s night time, as a substitute of putting in on a tomato, it’s going to make it on silk corn ears – which make “dead ends” since the larvae that can not be advanced there.
Finish the enemy replica
The vegetation which have been discussed thus far handiest attacked air natural biographers. However different mechanisms exist within the combat in opposition to telururic natural biogranates.
The rotation of cultures particularly permits the interruption of biographers. When the plant isn’t delicate to the aggressor replaces the delicate manufacturing unit in a undeniable duration, the inhabitants of parasites within the soil abruptly decreases.
3 rehabilitating vegetation of pastime in decreasing nematods and likely bacterial soil sicknesses corresponding to bacterial channel led to by means of Ralstonia Solanacearum. Paula Fernandes, Cirad, UPR HORTSIS, submitted by means of the creator
As soon as delicate tradition returns to a plot, it is in a position to broaden with out higher frequency till the pathogenic inhabitants stays low. Race actual velocity then activates between tradition building and multiplying of pathogens.
That is, for instance, the case on marketplace ventriculation or bananas. Create pades restore in keeping with non-host sorts (corresponding to Crotalaria Junces or Brachiaria spp) Scale back the populations of fitoparazite nematod.
Poisoning or inhibition
Some other way of assaults on attachments, poisoning or inhibition – is often known as ilepathi. There are other methods right here they usually identified.
Sure vegetation, corresponding to a tailor, unlock poisonous pyrrolisidine alkaloids thru roots for different types of fitoparasites of nematod.
Some other agent was once -feum by means of positive vegetation on the time in their decomposition. For instance, isolates, sulfur compounds with quite a lot of potency (fungus, micro organism, nematodes, and so forth.), from glucosinolate degradation to a big extent in Brassicaceae (mustard, for instance) and Alliais (garlic, arch, and so forth.).
Different vegetation, in the end, motive the seeds of parasitic vegetation (corresponding to a striga) or draw in pathogens (phytoparisite nematodes) by means of broadcasting alerts very similar to the ones delicate vegetation. Due to this fact, cotton, mattress linen or soy, non-plant, cut back the infectious doable of soil by means of making a “suicidal” germination of strict moves, whose radicals can’t be settled of their roots.
Generally, provider vegetation too can play an invaluable position by means of stimulating the number of microflores and soil macrofauns, in a world or centered way.
Delete biogres
A number of the communities of soil are opposed or predatory sorts of organizations. Specifically made up our minds loose nematodes, which feed on phytoparisite nematodes. However micro organism and fungi, which will produce antibiotics and even parasitize those biogrants. Then we’re speaking about particular suppression.
Within the bananese goose, Paspaluma notatum falls, thus build up the inhabitants of all nematods of loose nematods, which in flip cut back the inhabitants of nematod phytoparasites.
Different microorganisms of soil, with out direct law of pathogens, occupied niches the place they’re in pageant with them, particularly colonizing plant rhizosphere and the use of the similar assets.
On the similar time, they cut back the stipulations favorable to the expansion of pathogens. Then we’re speaking about common suppression.
Enrich the bottom
Along with expanding the inhabitants helpful for soil, provider vegetation additionally mean you can get wealthy. It’s incessantly used as inexperienced fertilizer or roofing vegetation, they go back natural topic into the bottom and vitamins, after which to be had to cultivated plant.
Because of bettering its physiological resistance, thru a balanced nutrition and the supply of positive hint parts, is much less liable to natural, telururical, but additionally air.
The potency of provider amenities is subsequently dependent at the huge quantity of context. To be successful, the usage of biogreessuurs control services and products calls for a transparent working out of generic ideas of agroecology in conjunction with effective wisdom concerned with the sort concerned, with a view to describe and put in force those ideas to positive scenarios.
The evolution of interplay between vegetation and organizations additionally calls for adjusting the apply for trade and, if vital, mobilizing other measures and law measures.
5. June 1984. The Cirad was once born on decree. For greater than 40 years, Ciraded Scientists shared and co-organized cutting edge wisdom and answers with organic variety, plant and animal well being and thus give centered techniques extra sustainable and extra resilient within the face of worldwide trade.
